Graduates of the private college in Cambridge,
Graduates of the private college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, go on to become big earners; the median salary for an MIT graduate six years after graduation is $98,100. Ten years after graduation, the typical MIT graduate brings home $173,700. Few MIT students—only 8%—take on student loan debt to attend the college, and those that do pay down their loans quickly. Each year, more than 200 graduates go on to earn a Ph.D. On the Forbes American Leaders list, which measures the leadership and entrepreneurial success of a college’s graduates, 56 people are MIT alumni.
The other colleges at the top of our list—the University of California at Berkeley, Stanford University, Princeton University and Columbia University—boast similar numbers. Noticeably absent from Forbes’ top ten this year is Harvard University, the Ivy League institution that from 2017 to 2019 reigned at the top of the rankings.
We kept our methodology consistent with last year, which allows us to make direct comparisons to our previous list. These comparisons help us better understand why Harvard and some of its Ivy League peers dropped in our rankings. We also looked at what’s causing public universities to stand out and how some small private colleges have worked their way up the list.
Harvard doesn’t stack up to Forbes’ list leaders on a couple of measures. The first is retention rate. Several of the Ivy League universities saw steep declines in their retention rate during the fall 2020 semester—a term that began in the throes of the Covid-19 pandemic, when most classes were held online. Many returning undergraduates opted to take a leave of absence, and federal visa restrictions kept international students off campus.
According to the latest federal data, only 76% of former freshmen returned to Harvard for their second year in the fall 2020, bringing the university’s otherwise impressive three-year average retention rate to about 90%, from 98% last year. Fellow Ivy Leaguer Yale University, which dropped six spots in our rankings this year, also saw its retention rate take a nosedive to 65% in fall 2020 from 99% the prior year. Princeton University (No. 4) had 83% of its former freshmen return that fall.
By comparison, MIT—which routinely has one of the highest retention rates of any college in the U.S.—retained 98% of its new sophomores in fall 2020. The college’s three-year average retention rate held steady at around 99%. In fall 2020, 96% of former freshmen returned to the University of California at Berkeley (No. 2) and 97% to Rice University (No. 12).
On top of pandemic-worn retention rates, Harvard scored poorly on Forbes’ Pell index. Looking at outcomes for Pell Grant recipients is something Forbes incorporated last year, and it gives us insight into how well a college prepares and graduates low-income students. In addition, we reward colleges that enroll a greater proportion of low-income students in order to identify which colleges best serve as engines of economic mobility. To create the Pell index—which makes up for 5% of our ranking model—we multiply the six-year graduation rate for Pell Grant recipients by the percentage of Pell Grant recipients at the institution.
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